PASSIVE VOICE
1. Refrensi Buku 1
A. Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan.
Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.
Contoh :
Active voice : They catch some cat in the cage.
Passive voice : Some cat are catched by Them in the cage. Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
1. Object dari active voice “some cat” menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (they) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun they menjadi object pronoun them.
3. Verb1 (catch) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (catched) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be are di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan.
5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
B. Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Passive voice : that comic is being bought by sudibya à Active voice : Sudibya is buying that comic.
Dari contoh tersebut dapat dijelaskan:
1. Object dari passive voice sudibya menjadi subject dari active voice.
2. Subject dari passive voice that comic menjadi object dari active voice.
3. Verb 3 (bought) pada passive voice berubah menjadi buying dan bila pada active voicenya verb 1 + ing maka pada passive voice harus ditambahkan being.
Simple present : Active : (S+V1) à Passive : to be (is/am/are) verb 3
Present Continuos: Active : (S+to be(is/am/are)+V+ing) à Passive : to be (is/am/are)+being+V3
Present Perfect: Active : (S+have/has+V3) à Passive : (have/has+been+V3)
Simple Past: Active : (S+V2) à Passive : to be ( was/were+V3)
Past Continuous: Active : S+to be (was/were)+Verb+ing) à Passive : to be (was/were)+being+V3
Past Perfect Active : (S+had+V3) à Passive : (had+been+V3)
Contoh kalimat active dan passive berdasarkan tense nya adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Simple present
Active: I read a newspaper à Passive : A newspaper is read by me.
Active: Felix sweeps the floor every day. à Passive : The floor is swept by felix every day.
Active : we hunt some pig. à Passive : Some pig are hunted by us.
2. Present Continuous
Active : He is drinking a cup of tea. à Passive : A cup of tea is being drunk by him.
Active : They are catching some cat at the moment. à Passive : Some cat are being catched by them at the moment.
Active : Felix is sweeping the floor now. à Passive : The floor is being swept by felix now.
3. Present Perfect
Active : felix has swept the floor à Passive : The floor has been swept by felix.
Active : Sudibya has bought that book of knowledge. à Passive : That book of knowledge has been bought by sudibya.
Refrensi :
Refrensi Buku 1 :
Simanjuntak, Herpinus.1992. Menguasai Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta.Yovidherci,CV.
Buku catatan bahasa inggris
Refrensi Buku 2
What is passive voice?
In English, all sentences are in either “active” or “passive” voice:
active: Werner Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in 1927.
passive: The uncertainty principle was formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927.
In an active sentence, the person or thing responsible for the action in the sentence comes first. In a passive sentence, the person or thing acted on comes first, and the actor is added at the end, introduced with the preposition “by.” The passive form of the verb is signaled by a form of “to be”: in the sentence above, “was formulated” is in passive voice while “formulated” is in active.
In a passive sentence, we often omit the actor completely:
The uncertainty principle was formulated in 1927.
When do I use passive voice?
In some sentences, passive voice can be perfectly acceptable. You might use it in the following cases:
The actor is unknown:
The cave paintings of Lascaux were made in the Upper Old Stone Age. [We don't know who made them.]
The actor is irrelevant:
An experimental solar power plant will be built in the Australian desert. [We are not interested in who is building it.]
You want to be vague about who is responsible:
Mistakes were made. [Common in bureaucratic writing!]
You are talking about a general truth:
Rules are made to be broken. [By whomever, whenever.]
You want to emphasize the person or thing acted on. For example, it may be your main topic:
Insulin was first discovered in 1921 by researchers at the University of Toronto. It is still the only treatment available for diabetes.
You are writing in a scientific genre that traditionally relies on passive voice. Passive voice is often preferred in lab reports and scientific research papers, most notably in the Materials and Methods section:
The sodium hydroxide was dissolved in water. This solution was then titrated with hydrochloric acid.
In these sentences you can count on your reader to know that you are the one who did the dissolving and the titrating. The passive voice places the emphasis on your experiment rather than on you.
Note: Over the past several years, there has been a movement within many science disciplines away from passive voice. Scientists often now prefer active voice in most parts of their published reports, even occasionally using the subject “we” in the Materials and Methods section. Check with your instructor or TA whether you can use the first person “I” or “we” in your lab reports to help avoid the passive.
To learn more about the use of passive voice in the sciences, visit our handout on writing in the sciences.
When should I avoid passive voice?
Passive sentences can get you into trouble in academic writing because they can be vague about who is responsible for the action:
Both Othello and Iago desire Desdemona. She is courted. [Who courts Desdemona? Othello? Iago? Both of them?]
Academic writing often focuses on differences between the ideas of different researchers, or between your own ideas and those of the researchers you are discussing. Too many passive sentences can create confusion:
Research has been done to discredit this theory. [Who did the research? You? Your professor? Another author?]
Some students use passive sentences to hide holes in their research:
The telephone was invented in the nineteenth century. [I couldn't find out who invented the telephone!]
Finally, passive sentences often sound wordy and indirect. They can make the reader work unnecessarily hard. And since they are usually longer than active sentences, passive sentences take up precious room in your paper:
Since the car was being driven by Michael at the time of the accident, the damages should be paid for by him.
Refrensi :
Drs. Rudy Hariyono& Andrew Mc. Carthy, 2008, ABC Plus Grammar, Surabaya, Gitamedia Press.
Refrensi Internet 1
1. Refrensi Internet
A. The meaning of Passive voice
The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a "voice"). The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).
B. Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
C. Formula Passive voice :
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Example: A letter was written.
D. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
- the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
2 - the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
3 - the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped).
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Refrensi :
http://badaiardiat.blogspot.com/2011/01/pengertian-passive-voice-dan-contohnya.html
